Oudejans R R, Michaels C F, Bakker F C, Dolné M A
Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1996 Aug;22(4):879-91. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.22.4.879.
The catchableness of a fly ball depends on whether the catcher can get to the ball in time; accurate judgments of catchableness must reflect both spatial and temporal aspects. Two experiments examined the perception of catchableness under conditions of restricted information pickup. Experiment 1 compared perceptual judgments with actual catching and revealed that stationary observers are poor perceivers of catchableness, as would be expected by the lack of information about running capabilities. In Experiment 2, participants saw the 1st part of ball trajectories before their vision was occluded. In 1 condition, they started to run (as if to catch the ball) before occlusion; in another, they remained stationary. Moving judgments were better than stationary judgments. This supports the idea that perceiving affordances that depend on kinematic, rather than merely geometric, body characteristics may require the relevant action to be performed.
高飞球的可接住性取决于接球手能否及时赶到球的落点；对可接住性的准确判断必须同时反映空间和时间两个方面。两项实验研究了在信息获取受限的条件下对可接住性的感知。实验1将感知判断与实际接球情况进行了比较，结果表明，静止的观察者对可接住性的感知能力较差，这正如因缺乏关于奔跑能力的信息所预期的那样。在实验2中，参与者在视觉被遮挡之前看到了球轨迹的第一部分。在一种情况下，他们在遮挡前就开始奔跑（好像要去接球）；在另一种情况下，他们保持静止。移动时的判断比静止时的判断更好。这支持了这样一种观点，即感知取决于运动而非仅仅几何身体特征的可供性可能需要执行相关动作。
