Friedlander A H, Friedlander I K
Dental Service, VA Medical Center, Sepulveda, CA 91343, USA.
Br Dent J. 1996 Jul 6;181(1):23-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4809143.
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident, CVA) is the third leading cause of death and an important cause of hospital admission and long-term disability in England and Wales. Atherosclerotic lesions at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery are the most common cause of stroke. On occasion, these lesions are partially calcified and visible on a conventional panoramic dental radiograph. The atheroma may appear either as a nodular radiopaque mass or as two radiopaque vertical lines within the soft tissues of the neck at the level of the lower margin of the third cervical vertebra (C3). These opacities are separate and distinct from the hyoid bone and variably appear above or below it. Dentists should scrupulously review the panoramic radiographs of all individuals over the age 55 with medical histories (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, coronary artery disease) and behaviours (smoking, alcohol abuse, dietary indiscretion, overweight, sedentary life-style) known to be associated with atherosclerosis and stroke.
中风（脑血管意外，CVA）是英格兰和威尔士的第三大死因，也是住院和长期残疾的重要原因。颈总动脉分叉处的动脉粥样硬化病变是中风最常见的原因。有时，这些病变会部分钙化，在传统的全景牙科X光片上可见。动脉粥样瘤可能表现为结节状不透射线肿块，或在第三颈椎（C3）下缘水平的颈部软组织内表现为两条不透射线的垂直线。这些不透明影与舌骨分开且不同，并且可变地出现在舌骨上方或下方。牙医应仔细检查所有55岁以上有已知与动脉粥样硬化和中风相关的病史（高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、冠状动脉疾病）和行为（吸烟、酗酒、饮食不当、超重、久坐不动的生活方式）的个体的全景X光片。
