Tang M, Fan Y, Wang G
School of Public Health, Hunan Medical University, Changsha.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1996 Jan;30(1):23-5.
Comprehensive cost-benefit evaluation for the improvement of rural water supply was conducted according to the national standard methods for analysis of water quality. Results showed total bacteria count and coliform group count in the water declined by 51% after the improvement, and synthetic index of water quality declined to 19% of that before the Improvement. Environmental epidemiological studies showed yearly incidence of hepatitis A, typhoid fever, diarrhea and enteritis decreased by 2.20/1,000, 0.39/1,000, 2.70/1,000 and 14.30/1,000, respectively, as compared with those before the improvement, and with the manpower capital method, economic loss caused by the above-mentioned diseases lowered by 37,238 yuan, economic benefit gained by saving labor-time for water-taking reached 198,644 yuan, and family income increased 164,188 yuan per year. It suggests the above indicators all can be used in comprehensive cost-benefit evaluation of the improvement of rural water supply.
按照国家水质分析标准方法，对农村供水改善情况进行了全面的成本效益评估。结果显示，改善后水中的细菌总数和大肠菌群数下降了51%，水质综合指数降至改善前的19%。环境流行病学研究表明，与改善前相比，甲型肝炎、伤寒、腹泻和肠炎的年发病率分别下降了2.20/1000、0.39/1000、2.70/1000和14.30/1000，采用人力资本法，上述疾病造成的经济损失降低了37238元，因取水节省劳动时间获得的经济效益达到198644元，家庭年收入每年增加164188元。这表明上述指标均可用于农村供水改善的综合成本效益评估。
