Keverne E B, Martel F L, Nevison C M
Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Madingley, U.K.
Proc Biol Sci. 1996 Jun 22;263(1371):689-96. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1996.0103.
Functionally distinct regions of the brain to which maternal and paternal genomes contribute differentially (through genomic imprinting) have developed differentially over phylogenetic time. While certain regions of the primate forebrain (neocortex, striatum) have expanded relative to the rest of the brain, other forebrain regions have contracted in size (hypothalamus, septum). Areas of relative expansion are those to which the maternal genome makes a substantial developmental contribution. This may be significant with respect to the importance of primate forebrain expansion in the development of complex behavioural strategies and the way in which these are deployed, especially by the matriline. In many primate societies the maintenance of social cohesion and group continuity over successive generations is dependent on the matriline, with high ranking females producing high ranking daughters that stay within the group. Regions of relative contraction are those to which the paternal genome makes a differential contribution and these are target areas for gonadal hormones, which is congruent with the diminished role for gonadal hormones in the emancipation of primate reproductive behaviour.
大脑中功能不同的区域，母系和父系基因组对其贡献不同（通过基因组印记），在系统发育过程中经历了不同的发展。灵长类动物前脑的某些区域（新皮层、纹状体）相对于大脑其他部分有所扩大，而其他前脑区域的大小则有所缩小（下丘脑、隔膜）。相对扩大的区域是母系基因组对其发育有重大贡献的区域。这对于灵长类动物前脑扩张在复杂行为策略发展中的重要性以及这些策略的部署方式可能具有重要意义，尤其是通过母系。在许多灵长类动物社会中，社会凝聚力和群体代际连续性的维持依赖于母系，高等级雌性会生出留在群体中的高等级女儿。相对缩小的区域是父系基因组有不同贡献的区域，这些区域是性腺激素的作用靶点，这与性腺激素在灵长类动物生殖行为解放中的作用减弱相一致。
