Blankevoort L, Huiskes R
Biomechanics Section, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Orthop Res. 1996 Jul;14(4):676-9. doi: 10.1002/jor.1100140425.
Ligament function in restraining axial rotation of the tibia relative to the femur cannot be revealed by analysis of ligament forces alone. The action of the articular surfaces should be taken into account as well. In this study, three-dimensional mathematical models of four human knee joints were used to determine the limits of axial rotation between 0 and 90 degrees of flexion, whereby the forces in the ligaments and articular contact were calculated, together with their contribution to the restraint moment that was required to counterbalance the applied axial moment of 3 Nm. In external rotation, the direct axial restraint was provided by the collateral ligaments. In internal rotation, when the cruciate ligaments and medial collateral ligament were predominantly loaded, the direct restraint moment resulting from the ligament forces was not sufficient to counterbalance the applied moment. The articular contact forces, which resulted from balancing the axial components of the ligament forces, contributed considerably to the restraint of internal rotation. Depending on the flexion angle, the contact forces provided approximately 50-85% of the internal restraint, whereas 95-100% of the external rotation restraint was accounted for by the ligament forces.
仅通过分析韧带力无法揭示韧带在限制胫骨相对于股骨的轴向旋转方面的功能。关节面的作用也应予以考虑。在本研究中，使用了四个膝关节的三维数学模型来确定0至90度屈曲之间的轴向旋转极限，从而计算韧带中的力和关节接触力，以及它们对平衡3 Nm施加轴向力矩所需的约束力矩的贡献。在外部旋转时，侧副韧带提供直接的轴向约束。在内部旋转时，当交叉韧带和内侧副韧带主要受力时，韧带力产生的直接约束力矩不足以平衡施加的力矩。由韧带力的轴向分量平衡产生的关节接触力对内部旋转的约束有很大贡献。根据屈曲角度，接触力提供了约50 - 85%的内部约束，而95 - 100%的外部旋转约束由韧带力承担。
