Hauschild S, Schein E
Institut für Parasitologie und Tropenveterinärmedizin der FU Berlin.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1996 Jun-Jul;109(6-7):216-9.
The large Babesia species of dogs, Babesia canis, is transmitted by different ticks. Dermacentor reticulatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and haemaphysalis leachi are the known main vectors. Four B. canis isolates of different geographic origin were investigated for their transmission specificity and pathogenicity in infection trials. R. sanguineus ticks exclusively transmitted the Babesia isolate from Egypt. D. reticulatus was the vector for isolates from Hungary and France. Transmission of an South-African isolate was only possible by H. laechi. The B. canis isolates differed markedly in their pathogenicity. The South-African isolate was highly pathogenic and resulted in nearly complete mortality. Infections with the isolate from Hungary transmitted by D. reticulatus, also resulted in severe clinical disease which often ended fatal without treatment with an anti-Babesia drug. Clinical disease also resulted from infections with the French isolate while the isolate from Egypt was largely non-pathogenic. Challenge trials for investigations of cross-immunity demonstrated immunogenic differences between the individual isolates. The degree of immunogenicity appeared to be related to the pathogenicity of the Babesia isolates. Serological investigations revealed that antigen of the isolate from Hungary in ELISA reacted markedly higher than the other three antigens. Due to their vector specificity B. canis classification into three groups is possible: B. canis canis transmitted by D. reticulatus, B. canis vogeli transmitted by R. sanguineus and B. canis rossi transmitted by H. laechi.
犬的大型巴贝斯虫物种——犬巴贝斯虫，可通过不同蜱虫传播。血红扇头蜱、网纹革蜱和李氏血蜱是已知的主要传播媒介。对来自不同地理区域的4株犬巴贝斯虫分离株进行了感染试验，以研究其传播特异性和致病性。血红扇头蜱仅传播来自埃及的巴贝斯虫分离株。网纹革蜱是来自匈牙利和法国分离株的传播媒介。南非分离株仅能通过李氏血蜱传播。犬巴贝斯虫分离株的致病性差异显著。南非分离株致病性很强，几乎导致全部死亡。由网纹革蜱传播的匈牙利分离株感染后，也会引发严重的临床疾病，若不使用抗巴贝斯虫药物治疗，往往会致命。法国分离株感染也会导致临床疾病，而埃及分离株基本无致病性。用于研究交叉免疫的攻毒试验表明，各分离株之间存在免疫原性差异。免疫原性程度似乎与巴贝斯虫分离株的致病性有关。血清学研究显示，在酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）中，匈牙利分离株的抗原反应明显高于其他三种抗原。由于其传播媒介特异性，犬巴贝斯虫可分为三组：由网纹革蜱传播的犬巴贝斯虫犬亚种、由血红扇头蜱传播的犬巴贝斯虫韦氏亚种和由李氏血蜱传播的犬巴贝斯虫罗氏亚种。
