Crane J P, Kopta M M, Welt S I, Sauvage J P
Obstet Gynecol. 1977 Aug;50(2):205-11.
Diagnostic ultrasound is a useful tool in the management of high-risk pregnancies and provides valuable information about abnormal fetal growth patterns including excessive fetal size and intrauterine growth retardation. Two patterns of growth retardation can be distinguished ultrasonically. Fetuses exhibiting "reduced growth potential" type patterns have little risk of fetal distress and are readily recognized as small for gestational age at birth. Fetuses suffering from uteroplacental insufficiency frequently exhibit a pattern of biparietal growth arrest in the third trimester. These fetuses have a high risk of fetal distress and should be closely monitored with other parameters of fetal-placental function including serial estriols and oxytocin challenge tests. Utilizing conventional pediatric growth criteria, the existence of intrauterine growth retardation is often unrecognized in this latter group.
诊断性超声是管理高危妊娠的一种有用工具，可提供有关异常胎儿生长模式的有价值信息，包括胎儿过大和宫内生长迟缓。超声可区分出两种生长迟缓模式。表现出“生长潜力降低”型模式的胎儿发生胎儿窘迫的风险很小，在出生时很容易被识别为小于胎龄儿。患有子宫胎盘功能不全的胎儿在孕晚期经常表现出双顶径生长停滞的模式。这些胎儿发生胎儿窘迫的风险很高，应通过其他胎儿-胎盘功能参数进行密切监测，包括连续雌三醇测定和缩宫素激惹试验。利用传统的儿科生长标准，后一组胎儿中宫内生长迟缓的情况常常未被识别。
