Bernhardt H
Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin A, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, BR Deutschland.
Mycoses. 1996;39 Suppl 1:44-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1996.tb00503.x.
Within the microbial ecosystem of the orointestinal tract Candida spp. are common but not always detectable organisms. Therefore they belong to the transient flora. Candida spp. are found at various sites in healthy subjects in quantities between 10(2)-10(4)/ml or g. In different diseases an increased growth of Candida can occur depending on the presence of typical risk factors. In any case the yeasts only account for a minimal part of the bacterial flora. In this regard the contribution to the formation of metabolic products-in particular carbon dioxide, hydrogen and alcohols-is very small. Growth and development of Candida are dependent on nutrient and oxygen supply. In the colon under anaerobic conditions the flora competes for limited nutrients and fermentation is the dominant metabolic pathway in Candida. There is only minimal growth. Under aerobic conditions as can be demonstrated in experimental settings a marked growth with the formation of mycelium takes place. The generation time in vivo is much longer than under laboratory conditions and takes several hours. The detection of Candida in stool specimens can be interpreted in the first line only as a colonization. This is not equivalent with an infection, which, unfortunately, often is wrongly suggested in positive stool specimens.
在口腔肠道微生物生态系统中，念珠菌属是常见但并非总能检测到的微生物。因此，它们属于暂住菌丛。在健康受试者的不同部位可发现念珠菌属，数量在每毫升或每克10² - 10⁴个之间。在不同疾病中，根据典型危险因素的存在情况，念珠菌可能会出现生长增加。无论如何，酵母在细菌菌群中仅占极小部分。在这方面，它们对代谢产物（特别是二氧化碳、氢气和醇类）形成的贡献非常小。念珠菌的生长和发育取决于营养物质和氧气供应。在结肠的厌氧条件下，菌群会争夺有限的营养物质，发酵是念珠菌的主要代谢途径，此时仅有极少的生长。在有氧条件下，如实验环境中所证明的，会出现显著生长并形成菌丝体。其在体内的代时比在实验室条件下长得多，需要数小时。粪便标本中念珠菌的检测首先只能解释为定植。这与感染并不等同，不幸的是，粪便标本呈阳性时常常被错误地提示为感染。
