Diurnal and seasonal changes in sympathetic signal transduction in cardiac ventricles of European hamsters.

This investigation of the relationship between cardiac beta-adrenoceptors and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) formation in cardiac ventricles of the nocturnally active European hamster both during euthermia under a 12:12-h dark-light cycle and during hibernation under constant-darkness conditions showed that neither the densities, affinities, nor distribution of the beta 1- and beta 2-receptor subtypes differed between the dark phase, light phase, and hibernation. Basal formation of cAMP by the cardiac adenylyl cyclase of euthermic hamsters was higher in ventricles obtained at night [core temperature (Tcore) = 37.8 degrees C] than in ventricles obtained during the day (Tcore = 36.4 degrees C). Basal formation of cAMP was also significantly lower in hibernating hamsters (Tcore = 7.0 degrees C) than in euthermic hamsters. When adenylyl cyclase activity was stimulated by isoprenaline, guanylylimidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p], or forskolin, the rank order of potency was the same in euthermic hamsters and hibernating hamsters: isoprenaline < Gpp(NH)p < forskolin. Functional competition curves indicated that in the euthermic hamsters beta 1-receptors were responsible for 67% of the response to isoprenaline at night and 62% of the response during the day. In hibernating hamsters, in contrast, most of the response to isoprenaline (58%) was mediated via beta 2-receptors. This shift in the relative importance of the receptor subtypes may facilitate arousal from hibernation by making the heart more sensitive to circulating epinephrine.