Burnstock G
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College, London, UK.
J Physiol Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;46(4):365-84.
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a cotransmitter with noradrenaline (NA) in sympathetic nerves supplying the vas deferens and a number of blood vessels. ATP is responsible for the excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) in response to single nerve impulses and the initial twitch responses of the smooth muscle, while NA produces the longer-lasting tonic contractions. The proportions of ATP to NA vary between different sympathetic nerves; they also change during development and in some pathological conditions, including hypertension. Prejunctional neuromodulation of release of the two cotransmitters appears to involve independent mechanisms and is frequency dependent; this raises the question of whether ATP and NA are stored in separate vesicles or whether there are subpopulations of sympathetic nerves with a predominance of ATP or NA. ATP and NA have synergistic postjunctional actions, whether excitatory (as in the vas deferens and most blood vessels) or inhibitory (as in rabbit coronary vessels). It is suggested that use of the term 'adrenergic nerves' as a synonym for sympathetic nerves is no longer appropriate, although 'adrenergic transmission' or 'purinergic transmission' are still useful terms.
腺苷5'-三磷酸（ATP）在支配输精管和许多血管的交感神经中作为去甲肾上腺素（NA）的共递质。ATP负责对单个神经冲动产生兴奋性接头电位（EJP）和平滑肌的初始抽搐反应，而NA则产生持续时间更长的强直性收缩。ATP与NA的比例在不同的交感神经中有所不同；它们在发育过程中以及在包括高血压在内的一些病理状况下也会发生变化。两种共递质释放的接头前神经调节似乎涉及独立机制且具有频率依赖性；这就提出了一个问题，即ATP和NA是储存在不同的囊泡中，还是存在以ATP或NA为主的交感神经亚群。ATP和NA具有协同的接头后作用，无论是兴奋性的（如在输精管和大多数血管中）还是抑制性的（如在兔冠状动脉血管中）。有人认为，将“肾上腺素能神经”用作交感神经的同义词已不再合适，尽管“肾上腺素能传递”或“嘌呤能传递”仍然是有用的术语。
