Boothe R G, Brown R J
Division off Visual Science, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Eye (Lond). 1996;10 ( Pt 2):199-208. doi: 10.1038/eye.1996.47.
Normal humans for whom the positions and movements of the two eyes are constrained to be yoked together are able to extract rich binocular sensory information from the environment. Humans with strabismus are deficient in extracting some of this information. Studies of strabismus in non-human primates can augment what has been learned from humans about relationships between strabismus and sensory binocular function. For example, speculation about the role of binocular vision in primate evolution can help us understand why it is that the advantages of sensory binocular function outweigh the disadvantages of having the positions of the two eyes yoked together. Physiological optics assessments of fixation patterns and accommodative responses in monkeys provide information about how the brain accomplishes and coordinates motor and sensory binocular functions, and sets the stage for determining underlying neural mechanisms responsible for this coordination. Finally, a developmental perspective, concerned with events that occur during an early sensitive period in the life span of an infant primate, can help us understand how nature and nurture interact to set up this complex neural system in normal individuals, and how this process is disrupted in conditions such as strabismus.
对于双眼的位置和运动被限制为联动的正常人来说，他们能够从环境中提取丰富的双眼感官信息。患有斜视的人在提取其中一些信息方面存在缺陷。对非人类灵长类动物斜视的研究可以补充我们从人类身上学到的关于斜视与双眼感官功能之间关系的知识。例如，对双眼视觉在灵长类动物进化中的作用的推测可以帮助我们理解为什么双眼感官功能的优势超过了双眼位置联动的劣势。对猴子注视模式和调节反应的生理光学评估提供了有关大脑如何完成和协调双眼运动和感官功能的信息，并为确定负责这种协调的潜在神经机制奠定了基础。最后，从发育的角度来看，关注灵长类婴儿生命早期敏感时期发生的事件，可以帮助我们理解先天与后天如何相互作用，在正常个体中建立这个复杂的神经系统，以及在斜视等情况下这个过程是如何被破坏的。
