Hildebrandt J, Pfingsten M
Schwerpunkt Algesiologie, Zentrum Anaesthesiologie, Rettungs-und Intensivemedizin, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.
Chirurg. 1996 Jul;67(7):681-7.
In contrast to acute pain, chronic pain develops as a lasting disturbance of physiological control circuits because of (a) pathological sympathetic and motor reflexes, (b) biochemically induced plastic changes of the CNS with central learning phenomena and (c) psychologically as reaction to the somatic disturbance or as a substitute for intrapsychic conflicts. Therefore the long-term treatment of chronic pain has to be complex, taking into account not only the reduction of pain, but also physical functional restoration, psychological stabilisation and social rehabilitation.
与急性疼痛不同，慢性疼痛是由于（a）病理性交感神经和运动反射、（b）中枢神经系统因生化因素诱导产生的具有中枢学习现象的可塑性变化以及（c）心理上对躯体障碍的反应或作为内心冲突的替代而发展成为生理控制回路的持续性紊乱。因此，慢性疼痛的长期治疗必须是综合性的，不仅要考虑减轻疼痛，还要考虑身体功能恢复、心理稳定和社会康复。
