Gatrell A C, Bailey T C
Department of Geography, Lancaster University, England.
Soc Sci Med. 1996 Mar;42(6):843-55. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00183-2.
Interactive spatial data analysis involves the use of software environments that permit the visualization, exploration and, perhaps, modelling of geographically-referenced data. Such systems are of obvious value in epidemiological research, both of an environmental and geographical nature. There is an increasing number of such software environments available on a variety of platforms and operating systems. This paper considers the use of the proprietary Geographical Information System, ARC/INFO, in a spatial analysis context, showing how the spatial analytic tools that may be added to it can be exploited by geographical epidemiologists; such tools include those for modelling possible raised incidence of disease around suspected sources of pollution. The paper also reviews the use of systems such as S-Plus and XLISP-STAT, statistical programming environments to which spatial analysis functions or libraries may be added. The use of INFO-MAP, a system designed to aid in the teaching of interactive spatial data analysis, is also highlighted. The various software environments are illustrated with reference to examples concerned with: clustering of childhood leukaemia in part of Lancashire, England; Burkitt's lymphoma in Uganda; larynx cancer in Lancashire; and childhood mortality in Auckland, New Zealand.
交互式空间数据分析涉及使用软件环境，这些环境允许对地理参考数据进行可视化、探索，或许还能进行建模。此类系统在环境和地理性质的流行病学研究中具有明显价值。在各种平台和操作系统上，可用的此类软件环境越来越多。本文考虑在空间分析背景下使用专有地理信息系统ARC/INFO，展示地理流行病学家如何利用可添加到该系统中的空间分析工具；此类工具包括用于对疑似污染源周围可能升高的疾病发病率进行建模的工具。本文还回顾了S-Plus和XLISP-STAT等系统的使用情况，这些统计编程环境可以添加空间分析功能或库。还重点介绍了INFO-MAP系统的使用，该系统旨在辅助交互式空间数据分析的教学。通过以下实例来说明各种软件环境：英格兰兰开夏郡部分地区儿童白血病的聚集情况；乌干达的伯基特淋巴瘤；兰开夏郡的喉癌；以及新西兰奥克兰的儿童死亡率。
