Sato T, Niioka T, Kurasaki M, Kojima Y
Department of Environmental Medicine and Informatics, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1996 Jul;51(2):588-98. doi: 10.1265/jjh.51.588.
Increased use of motor vehicles has produced various risks to human health due to air pollution by noxious gases, heavy metals and roadside dust. Since the late 1970s, the wide spread use of studded tires for cars has caused pavement wear, resulting in not only economic losses, but also roadside air pollution in cold and snowy regions in Japan. The most serious environmental problem in Sapporo, a city with heavy snowfall, in the 1980s, was roadside dust derived from studded tires. The inhabitants suffered from this dust in the early winter and in the early spring when the streets were not covered with snow. To investigate the influence of such roadside dust upon human health, particle numbers in classified sizes of roadside dust were counted after the roadside dust in the air was collected with a device we constructed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 cm above the pavement surface. The results indicated that the concentration of roadside dust in the air did not greatly vary according to the height from the pavement surface. The results also suggested that xenogranuloma, reported in lungs of stray dogs, under roadside dust-pollution conditions such as those examined here, may occur in humans in the future.
机动车使用的增加因有害气体、重金属和路边灰尘造成空气污染，给人类健康带来了各种风险。自20世纪70年代末以来，汽车防滑链轮胎的广泛使用导致路面磨损，不仅造成经济损失，还在日本寒冷多雪地区造成路边空气污染。20世纪80年代，降雪量大的城市札幌最严重的环境问题是防滑链轮胎产生的路边灰尘。居民在初冬和早春街道未被雪覆盖时深受这种灰尘之苦。为了调查这种路边灰尘对人类健康的影响，我们用自制装置在路面上方30、60、90、120、150和180厘米处收集空气中的路边灰尘后，对其分类粒径中的颗粒数量进行了计数。结果表明，空气中路边灰尘的浓度并未随距路面高度的变化而大幅改变。结果还表明，在本文所研究的路边灰尘污染条件下，曾在流浪狗肺部发现的异物性肉芽肿未来可能会在人类身上出现。
