Vakil E, Jaffe R, Eluze S, Groswasser Z, Aberbuch S
Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Brain Cogn. 1996 Jun;31(1):75-89. doi: 10.1006/brcg.1996.0026.
This study addressed a number of issues. One purpose was to test whether memory-impaired, head-injured patients show the same pattern of memory task dissociation as reported in amnesics, that is, impaired explicit and intact implicit memory performance. The second purpose of this study was to apply the distinction between the acquisition and retention aspects of memory, which has not, as yet, been investigated adequately in the study of implicit memory. The third purpose was to evaluate the contribution of intra-item and inter-item processes in implicit memory. A group of 18 head-injured (HI) patients and 18 control subjects participated in this study. Subjects read two lists of 15 words seven times: five times consecutively, once after 20 min, and after a 1-hr delay. One list was read in the same order and the other in a different order. Acquisition and retention of the information were measured explicitly (i.e., recall of words) and implicitly (i.e., priming-reading speed). The results indicated that novel information is preserved in HI as in other amnesic patient groups, only when implicit, rather than explicit, measures of memory are used. The effect of contextual manipulation (i.e., order of presentation) was interpreted to suggest similar involvement of intra-as well as inter-memory processes in implicit memory in normal and memory-impaired subjects.
本研究探讨了一系列问题。一个目的是测试记忆受损的头部受伤患者是否表现出与遗忘症患者相同的记忆任务分离模式，即外显记忆受损而内隐记忆表现完好。本研究的第二个目的是应用记忆的获取和保持方面的区分，这在隐式记忆研究中尚未得到充分研究。第三个目的是评估内项和项间过程在隐式记忆中的作用。一组18名头部受伤（HI）患者和18名对照受试者参与了本研究。受试者将两组各15个单词的列表读七遍：连续读五遍，20分钟后读一遍，1小时延迟后再读一遍。一组列表按相同顺序阅读，另一组按不同顺序阅读。通过外显（即单词回忆）和内隐（即启动——阅读速度）方式测量信息的获取和保持。结果表明，只有当使用内隐而非外显的记忆测量方法时，新信息在头部受伤患者中与其他遗忘症患者组一样得以保留。情境操纵（即呈现顺序）的效果被解释为表明在正常和记忆受损受试者中，内项和记忆间过程在隐式记忆中都有类似的参与。
