Wright E M, Loo D D, Turk E, Hirayama B A
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California atLos Angeles, 90095-1751, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1996 Aug;8(4):468-73. doi: 10.1016/s0955-0674(96)80022-6.
Recent studies of cloned mammalian sodium cotransporters in heterologous systems have revealed that these integral membrane proteins serve multiple functions as cotransporters, uniporters, channels and water transporters. Some progress has been gained in understanding their secondary structure, but information on helical bundling and tertiary structure is lacking. Site-directed mutagenesis and the construction of chimeras have resulted in the identification of residues and domains involved in ligand binding, and natural mutations have also been found that are responsible for human genetic diseases. Major factors in the short-term regulations of cotransporter function by protein kinases are exocytosis and endocytosis.
最近在异源系统中对克隆的哺乳动物钠共转运蛋白的研究表明，这些整合膜蛋白作为共转运蛋白、单向转运蛋白、通道和水转运蛋白发挥多种功能。在理解它们的二级结构方面已经取得了一些进展，但缺乏关于螺旋束和三级结构的信息。定点诱变和嵌合体的构建已导致鉴定出参与配体结合的残基和结构域，并且还发现了导致人类遗传疾病的自然突变。蛋白激酶对共转运蛋白功能的短期调节中的主要因素是胞吐作用和内吞作用。
