Renwick A G
Clinical Pharmacology Group, University of Southampton, UK.
Food Addit Contam. 1996 May-Jun;13(4):467-75. doi: 10.1080/02652039609374432.
Direct measurement of the intake of food additives is a complex, time-consuming and expensive process. Prioritization of intake surveys is important to focus initial attention on those additives of most concern. Intakes at or below the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) are not of concern, by definition, and therefore a high priority should be given to those additives for which simple, but conservative, theoretical estimates of potential intake indicate a probability of exceeding the ADI. Although ADI values for different additives are equivalent, because they are based on No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Levels (NOAELs), the risk associated with intakes above the ADI can only be determined by reference back to the data which are the basis for the ADI estimation. In consequence the nature and severity of toxic effects detected in animal experiments above the NOAEL should be taken into account in the prioritization of intake surveys. A scheme is proposed which incorporates both exposure estimation and toxicology in determining which food additives should be allocated a high priority for inclusion in intake surveys.
直接测量食品添加剂的摄入量是一个复杂、耗时且昂贵的过程。对摄入量调查进行优先级排序很重要，以便将最初的注意力集中在最受关注的那些添加剂上。根据定义，摄入量等于或低于每日允许摄入量（ADI）的情况无需担忧，因此，对于那些通过简单但保守的潜在摄入量理论估计表明有可能超过ADI的添加剂，应给予高度优先考虑。尽管不同添加剂的ADI值是等效的，因为它们基于未观察到不良反应的水平（NOAEL），但摄入量超过ADI所带来的风险只能通过参考作为ADI估计基础的数据来确定。因此，在摄入量调查的优先级排序中，应考虑在动物实验中高于NOAEL时检测到的毒性作用的性质和严重程度。本文提出了一种方案，该方案在确定哪些食品添加剂应被高度优先纳入摄入量调查时，将暴露估计和毒理学结合在一起。
