Fryer H J, Hockfield S
Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1996 Feb;6(1):113-8. doi: 10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80016-x.
Polysialic acid (PSA) fulfills several criteria for a molecule involved in structural plasticity, including expression in regions capable of plasticity, re-expression in structures undergoing synaptic rearrangement in the adult, downregulation following innervation, and regulation by activity. In addition, removal of PSA reduces the capacity for structural plasticity. PSA may be paradigmatic for other large polymeric carbohydrates, such as glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans, which also are highly charged and can be extensively hydrated. These carbohydrates may affect structural plasticity by altering cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions by increasing intermolecular spacing through hydration.
多唾液酸(PSA)符合作为参与结构可塑性的分子的几个标准,包括在具有可塑性的区域表达、在成体中经历突触重排的结构中重新表达、神经支配后下调以及受活性调节。此外,去除PSA会降低结构可塑性的能力。PSA可能是其他大型聚合碳水化合物(如糖胺聚糖和蛋白聚糖)的范例,这些碳水化合物也带有高电荷且能被大量水化。这些碳水化合物可能通过水化增加分子间间距,从而改变细胞 - 细胞和/或细胞 - 基质相互作用,进而影响结构可塑性。