Betz W J, Mao F, Smith C B
Department of Physiology/C-240, University of Colorado Medical School, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, 80262, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1996 Jun;6(3):365-71. doi: 10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80121-8.
From the secretion of neurotransmitters via synaptic vesicles to the expulsion of cellular waste via contractile vacuoles, exocytosis and its sequel, endocytosis, are being explored with a variety of new optical tools. Fluorescent markers, especially styryl dyes such as FM1-43 (which reversibly labels endosomal membranes), have been used to follow exo- and endocytic events in many cell types. Even though the development of new dyes is still largely empirical, some theoretical principles have emerged to guide future dye chemistry. Moreover, advances in optical imaging technology that augment conventional fluorescence microscopy are appearing. For example, interference reflection microscopy (which requires no flurophore) and total internal reflection microscopy have recently been used to observe single exocytic events at the contact point between a glass coverslip and the plasma membrane.
从通过突触小泡分泌神经递质到通过收缩泡排出细胞废物，胞吐作用及其后续的胞吞作用，正借助各种新型光学工具进行研究。荧光标记物，尤其是诸如FM1-43之类的苯乙烯基染料（可对内膜进行可逆标记），已被用于追踪多种细胞类型中的胞吐和胞吞事件。尽管新染料的开发在很大程度上仍基于经验，但一些理论原则已逐渐形成，以指导未来的染料化学发展。此外，增强传统荧光显微镜功能的光学成像技术也不断取得进展。例如，干涉反射显微镜（无需荧光团）和全内反射显微镜最近已被用于观察玻璃盖玻片与质膜接触点处的单个胞吐事件。
