Traynor M
Daphne Heald Research Unit, Royal College of Nursing of the UK, London, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1996 Jun;23(6):1155-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.12612.x.
The issue of knowledge has generated much literature, recently from writers influenced by post-modernism. These writers argue that an epistemological space has existed since the time of the Enlightenment with which anyone concerned with value or truth has to grapple. The analysis of nursing texts detailed in this paper gives an account of such grappling. The link between discourse, knowledge and power is also explored. Using a discourse analysis approach, this paper offers an examination of nursing texts on research, education, professionalization or conceptualizations known as nursing models. It argues that groups in nursing have responded to the dominant biomedical discourse by seeking to re-establish their activities within a different discourse, one involving caring, holism and, within research, a qualitative approach. Others have aligned their search for appropriate truth claims with feminist projects. After examining some of these responses, this paper attempts to point to some of the problems of aligning a professional strategy with one of political emancipation and philosophical shift. The paper argues that the issue of a philosophical and moral base for nursing is particularly crucial at a time when so-called market rationalism dominates not only in health care but in an increasing range of human activities.
知识问题已经产生了大量文献，最近这些文献出自受后现代主义影响的作家之手。这些作家认为，自启蒙运动以来就存在着一个认识论空间，任何关注价值或真理的人都必须应对这个空间。本文详细分析的护理文本讲述了这样的应对过程。话语、知识和权力之间的联系也得到了探讨。本文采用话语分析方法，对有关研究、教育、专业化或被称为护理模式的概念化等方面的护理文本进行了审视。它认为，护理领域的一些群体通过寻求在一种不同的话语——一种涉及关怀、整体论以及在研究中采用定性方法的话语——中重新确立自己的活动，来回应占主导地位的生物医学话语。其他人则将他们对适当真理主张的探寻与女权主义项目结合起来。在审视了其中一些回应之后，本文试图指出将专业策略与政治解放和哲学转变之一相结合所存在的一些问题。本文认为，在所谓的市场理性主义不仅在医疗保健领域而且在越来越多的人类活动中占据主导地位的时代，护理的哲学和道德基础问题尤为关键。
