Sawan M, Hassouna M M, Li J S, Duval F, Elhilali M M
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, P.Q., Canada.
IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 1996 Mar;4(1):39-46. doi: 10.1109/86.486056.
An implantable computerized electrical stimulation system designed to induce bladder evacuation in animal models (dogs) after spinal cord transection has been realized and evaluated. This fully programmable system is based on a handheld device and generates a wide range of stimuli through multichannel implantable miniaturized stimulator. Using the new bladder stimulator and inducing reversible fatigue to the external sphincter via the pudendal nerve enables us to reduce the bladder outlet resistance, resulting in the proper emptying of the bladder during stimulation without the need for sacral nerve rhizotomies and the pudendal nerve neurectomies. Four chronically affected dogs were studied to determine the optimal stimulation parameters for inducing a sphincter fatigue that would reliably empty the bladder for the duration of the experiment. These parameters were: maximum amplitude of 1.5 mA +/- 0.5 SD, stimuli composed of a high frequency signal of 200 Hz +/- 50 SD modulated by a low frequency signal of 10 Hz +/- 5 SD, pulse width controlled by a duty-cycle of 20% +/- 10 SD, sacral nerve stimulation of 50 s +/- 25 SD and fatiguing duration of 20 s +/- 5 SD.
一种旨在诱导脊髓横断后动物模型（狗）膀胱排空的植入式计算机化电刺激系统已实现并经过评估。这个完全可编程的系统基于一个手持设备，并通过多通道植入式微型刺激器产生多种刺激。使用新的膀胱刺激器并通过阴部神经对外括约肌诱导可逆性疲劳，使我们能够降低膀胱出口阻力，从而在刺激期间实现膀胱的适当排空，而无需进行骶神经根切断术和阴部神经切除术。对四只长期受影响的狗进行了研究，以确定诱导括约肌疲劳的最佳刺激参数，该疲劳能在实验期间可靠地排空膀胱。这些参数为：最大幅度1.5 mA±0.5标准差，由200 Hz±50标准差的高频信号调制的10 Hz±5标准差的低频信号组成的刺激，由20%±10标准差的占空比控制的脉冲宽度，50 s±25标准差的骶神经刺激和20 s±5标准差的疲劳持续时间。
