Alperstein G, Morgan K R, Fett M J, Nossar V, Stewart G J
Central Sydney Community Health Service.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 1996 Apr;20(2):123-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1996.tb01805.x.
A cross-sectional survey of 2044 Year I children enrolled in 24 primary schools was performed to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection. Of the 2044 children, 1458 (71 per cent) were Mantoux-tested and 1452 Mantoux reactions were read. Of the total, 6.5 per cent were Mantoux-positive; 17.8 per cent of overseas-born children and 2.8 per cent of Australian-born children were Mantoux-positive (relative risk for overseas-born 6.9, 95 per cent confidence interval 4.2 to 9.6). In the areas of Sydney where the study was conducted, there is a high prevalence of TB infection (non-contagious) among overseas-born children in the five- to seven-year age group. This indicates that there may be a large pool of infected children, a proportion of whom are at risk of developing active (contagious) adult-type TB in the future. These data, with other published data on TB infection rates in other age groups, can contribute to the estimation of the size of the infected pool in Australia to allow rational decisions regarding control of TB in Australia, including the possibility of introducing Mantoux screening and preventive therapy programs for high-risk groups.
对24所小学的2044名一年级儿童进行了横断面调查，以确定结核病（TB）感染的患病率。在这2044名儿童中，1458名（71%）接受了结核菌素试验，1452名儿童的结核菌素反应得到了读取。总体而言，6.5%的儿童结核菌素试验呈阳性；在海外出生的儿童中，17.8%呈阳性，在澳大利亚出生的儿童中，2.8%呈阳性（海外出生儿童的相对风险为6.9，95%置信区间为4.2至9.6）。在开展该研究的悉尼地区，5至7岁年龄组的海外出生儿童中结核病感染（非传染性）患病率很高。这表明可能存在大量受感染儿童，其中一部分儿童未来有发展为活动性（传染性）成人型结核病的风险。这些数据以及其他已发表的关于其他年龄组结核病感染率的数据，有助于估计澳大利亚受感染人群的规模，以便就澳大利亚结核病控制做出合理决策，包括是否有可能为高危人群引入结核菌素试验筛查和预防性治疗方案。
