MacArthur L, Eiden L
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Section, National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Peptides. 1996;17(4):721-8. doi: 10.1016/0196-9781(95)02100-0.
Neuroendocrine cells respond to hormones and synaptic input by increasing or decreasing their own electrical activity and secretory output, and by changes in the repertoire of expression of neuronal genes. Neuropeptide genes are among those whose transcription rates can be dramatically up-and downregulated when neuronal activity is altered. In the last decade or so, our understanding of neuropeptide gene regulation has evolved from the concept of calcium-dependent coupling of neuropeptide secretion and biosynthesis to the current perspective of neuropeptide genes as the targets of multiple intracellular signaling pathways, entrained by intrinsic electrical activity and by transsynaptic influences. This review describes our current understanding of neuropeptide gene regulation in the adrenal gland as well as in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms that allow unique patterns of expression of neuropeptide genes within specific types of neuroendocrine cells that contribute to the remarkable anatomical specificity of neuropeptide gene expression.
神经内分泌细胞通过增加或降低自身的电活动和分泌输出，以及通过改变神经元基因表达谱来对激素和突触输入作出反应。神经肽基因是那些当神经元活动改变时转录速率可显著上调和下调的基因之一。在过去十年左右的时间里，我们对神经肽基因调控的理解已经从神经肽分泌与生物合成的钙依赖性偶联概念，发展到目前将神经肽基因视为多种细胞内信号通路靶点的观点，这些信号通路受内在电活动和跨突触影响的带动。本综述描述了我们目前对肾上腺以及外周和中枢神经系统中神经肽基因调控的理解。特别强调了分子机制，这些机制允许神经肽基因在特定类型的神经内分泌细胞内呈现独特的表达模式，从而形成神经肽基因表达显著的解剖学特异性。
