Roefs J P, Schrama J W, Schouten W G
Wageningen Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Husbandary, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
Physiol Behav. 1996 Jul;60(1):203-9. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(95)02221-x.
Influence of feeding level and temperature on posture and posture-related heat production was studied in preruminant calves. Twenty-four young calves were assigned in a 2 x 2 factorial design to one of two feeding levels [high (FH) or low (FL)] and to one of two temperature (7.5 degrees C or 19 degrees C). Heat production (HP) and posture were measured per calf every 9 min, during 3 days. HP was dependent on feeding level and temperature. Energy expenditure related to standing was higher at 7.5 degrees C than at 19 degrees C. Time spent standing was higher at FL than at FH, and at 7.5 degrees C than at 19 degrees C. On the contrary, the number of standing periods was lower at 7.5 degrees C than at 19 degrees C. Consequently, the duration of a standing period was higher at 7.5 degrees C than at 19 degrees C. Within a standing period, HP decreased with time. This decline was largest at 7.5 degrees C. Thus, energy cost of standing was lower in treatments with a longer duration of a standing period. These results demonstrated that the effect of temperature on energy cost of standing is influenced by the number of standing periods.
研究了饲养水平和温度对反刍前犊牛姿势及与姿势相关的产热的影响。24头幼犊按2×2析因设计被分配到两种饲养水平[高（FH）或低（FL）]之一和两种温度（7.5摄氏度或19摄氏度）之一。在3天内，每9分钟测量每头犊牛的产热（HP）和姿势。产热取决于饲养水平和温度。与站立相关的能量消耗在7.5摄氏度时高于19摄氏度时。FL组的站立时间高于FH组，且7.5摄氏度时高于19摄氏度时。相反，7.5摄氏度时的站立次数低于19摄氏度时。因此，7.5摄氏度时的单次站立持续时间高于19摄氏度时。在一次站立期间，产热随时间下降。这种下降在7.5摄氏度时最大。因此，在站立持续时间较长的处理中，站立的能量成本较低。这些结果表明，温度对站立能量成本的影响受站立次数的影响。
