Perkins K A, Sexton J E, DiMarco A
Western Psychiatric Institute Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA.
Physiol Behav. 1996 Jul;60(1):305-9. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(95)02239-2.
Nicotine intake is associated with lower body weight in both women and men. Despite its energy content, alcohol consumption is also associated with lower body weight in women but not in men. Each drug may reduce weight by acutely increasing thermogenesis. During four sessions, nicotine (20 micrograms/kg per dosing) or placebo was given to male and female smokers (n = 9 each) via measured-dose nasal spray every 30 min for 2 h after consumption of diet tonic water with or without alcohol (0.5 g/kg). Each nicotine/placebo dosing was followed by assessment of energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. Alcohol alone induced no significant effect in men or women, whereas nicotine alone and combined with alcohol induced a significant thermogenic effect in men but not women. These results are consistent with other research suggesting a reduced thermogenic responsiveness to drugs in women and indicate that nicotine must act via appetite suppression to reduce body weight in women. Similarly, these findings do not support the notion that alcohol is inversely related to body weight in women because of excessive acute thermogenesis.
尼古丁摄入与女性和男性的较低体重相关。尽管酒精含有能量，但酒精消费也与女性较低体重相关，而与男性无关。每种药物可能通过急性增加产热来减轻体重。在四个疗程中，在饮用含或不含酒精（0.5克/千克）的滋补饮料后，每隔30分钟通过定量鼻喷雾剂向男性和女性吸烟者（每组n = 9）给予尼古丁（每次给药20微克/千克）或安慰剂，持续2小时。每次给予尼古丁/安慰剂后，通过间接测热法评估能量消耗。单独使用酒精对男性或女性均无显著影响，而单独使用尼古丁以及尼古丁与酒精联合使用对男性有显著的产热作用，对女性则无。这些结果与其他研究一致，这些研究表明女性对药物的产热反应性降低，并且表明尼古丁必须通过抑制食欲来减轻女性体重。同样，这些发现不支持酒精因过度急性产热而与女性体重呈负相关的观点。
