Melnick J L
Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1996 Jul;9(3):293-300. doi: 10.1128/CMR.9.3.293.
Two scientists who played leading roles in the conquest of poliomyelitis died recently. In 1954, Jonas Salk provided the first licensed polio vaccine, the formalin (and heat)-inactivated virus. Albert Sabin gave us the attenuated live virus vaccine, which was licensed in 1962. This paper takes the reader through the history of the disease, including its pathogenesis, epidemiology, vaccines, and future directions. The emphasis is on vaccines, for it seems that with proper vaccination the number of new cases is falling dramatically. It is hoped that by the year 2000, we will accomplish the goal of the World Health Organization of "a world without polio." Then, because there is no animal reservoir, we can seriously discuss when and how to eliminate the need for vaccination and ultimately destroy our stocks of poliovirus.
两位在征服脊髓灰质炎过程中发挥了主导作用的科学家最近去世了。1954年，乔纳斯·索尔克提供了第一种获得许可的脊髓灰质炎疫苗，即福尔马林（和加热）灭活病毒疫苗。阿尔伯特·萨宾为我们带来了减毒活病毒疫苗，该疫苗于1962年获得许可。本文带领读者回顾了这种疾病的历史，包括其发病机制、流行病学、疫苗以及未来发展方向。重点是疫苗，因为似乎通过适当的疫苗接种，新病例的数量正在急剧下降。人们希望到2000年，我们能够实现世界卫生组织“一个没有脊髓灰质炎的世界”的目标。然后，由于没有动物储存宿主，我们可以认真讨论何时以及如何消除疫苗接种的必要性，并最终销毁我们的脊髓灰质炎病毒储备。
