Murthy K K, Cobb E K, Rouse S R, Lunceford S M, Johnson D E, Galvan A R
Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78228-0147, USA.
Immunol Lett. 1996 Jun;51(1-2):121-4. doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(96)02565-5.
Several experimental vaccination strategies have been developed to prevent primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and as immunotherapeutics for infected individuals. Many of the putative vaccines have been tested in chimpanzees (p. troglodytes) to determine their safety, efficacy, and to delineate immune correlates of protection. To date, approximately 25 candidate vaccines representing active or passive strategies have been evaluated in chimpanzees, and efficacy has been based on protection against primary infection following intravenous or mucosal challenge with cell-free or cell-associated virus. Active immunization has been attempted with whole inactivated virus, envelope depleted viral preparation, vaccinia vector expressing gp 160 in combination with other viral gene products, and subunit vaccines containing recombinant gp 120 derived from different isolates. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing activity have been utilized for pre- and post-exposure passive immunization to block primary infection with HIV.
已经开发了几种实验性疫苗接种策略来预防人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的初次感染，并作为感染个体的免疫疗法。许多假定的疫苗已在黑猩猩（黑猩猩）中进行测试，以确定其安全性、有效性，并描绘出保护的免疫相关因素。迄今为止，大约25种代表主动或被动策略的候选疫苗已在黑猩猩中进行评估，其有效性基于在用无细胞或细胞相关病毒进行静脉内或粘膜攻击后对初次感染的保护。已经尝试用全灭活病毒、包膜缺失病毒制剂、表达gp160与其他病毒基因产物组合的痘苗载体以及含有源自不同分离株的重组gp120的亚单位疫苗进行主动免疫。具有中和活性的多克隆和单克隆抗体已被用于暴露前和暴露后被动免疫，以阻断HIV的初次感染。
