Zumla A, James D G
Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, United Kingdom.
Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Jul;23(1):146-58. doi: 10.1093/clinids/23.1.146.
Granulomatous disorders are frequently due to a wide variety of infections. Over the past decade advances in molecular diagnostic techniques have allowed identification of organisms involved in granulomatous disorders that previously were of unknown etiology. On the basis of currently available information, granulomatous infections can now be classified in three categories. Group 1 infections are due to a well-recognized organism. Group 2 comprises infections due to organisms that have been recently identified in granulomas by molecular methods but are not readily isolated by conventional microbiological techniques. Group 3 consists of disorders for which the causal organisms have not yet been identified but are strongly suspected; further advances in diagnostic techniques will lead to reclassification of some of these disorders as group 2. This review describes the etiology, histopathologic features, and classification of granulomatous disorders, with an emphasis on those of groups 2 and 3.
肉芽肿性疾病常常由多种感染引起。在过去十年中，分子诊断技术的进步使得能够鉴定出以前病因不明的肉芽肿性疾病中涉及的病原体。根据目前可得的信息，肉芽肿性感染现在可分为三类。第1组感染是由一种广为人知的病原体引起的。第2组包括由最近通过分子方法在肉芽肿中鉴定出但常规微生物技术不易分离的病原体引起的感染。第3组由尚未鉴定出病原体但强烈怀疑存在病原体的疾病组成；诊断技术的进一步进步将导致其中一些疾病重新分类为第2组。本综述描述了肉芽肿性疾病的病因、组织病理学特征和分类，重点是第2组和第3组的疾病。
