Mitchell H L, Hoit J D, Watson P J
National Center for Neurogenic Communication Disorders, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
J Speech Hear Res. 1996 Feb;39(1):93-104. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3901.93.
This investigation examined the influence of cognitive-linguistic processing demands on speech breathing. Twenty women were studied during performance of two speaking tasks that were designed to differ in cognitive-linguistic planning requirements. Speech breathing was monitored with respiratory magnetometers from which recordings were made of the anteroposterior diameter changes of the rib cage and abdomen. Results indicated that speech breathing was similar across speaking conditions with respect to nearly all measures of lung volume, rib cage volume, and abdomen volume. Task-related differences were found for certain fluency-related measures. Specifically, the number of syllables produced per breath group was smaller, average speaking rate was slower, and average lung volume expended per syllable was greater under a higher cognitive-linguistic demand condition than under a lower-demand condition. These differences were explained by the fact that silent pauses, particularly those associated with expiration, were more prevalent and longer in duration under the higher-demand condition. It appears that the mechanical behavior of the breathing apparatus during speaking generally is unaffected by variations in cognitive-linguistic demands of the type investigated; however, fluency-related breathing behavior appears to be highly sensitive to such demands.
本研究考察了认知语言加工需求对言语呼吸的影响。对20名女性在执行两项言语任务过程中进行了研究，这两项任务在认知语言规划要求上有所不同。使用呼吸磁力计监测言语呼吸，从中记录胸廓和腹部前后径的变化。结果表明，就肺容量、胸廓容量和腹部容量的几乎所有测量指标而言，不同言语条件下的言语呼吸情况相似。在某些与流畅性相关的测量指标上发现了任务相关差异。具体而言，与较低认知语言需求条件相比，在较高认知语言需求条件下，每个呼吸组产生的音节数更少，平均说话速率更慢，每个音节消耗的平均肺容量更大。这些差异可以通过以下事实来解释：在较高需求条件下，无声停顿，尤其是与呼气相关的无声停顿，更为普遍且持续时间更长。看来，说话过程中呼吸器官的机械行为通常不受所研究类型的认知语言需求变化的影响；然而，与流畅性相关的呼吸行为似乎对这类需求高度敏感。
