Sancar A
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
Annu Rev Genet. 1995;29:69-105. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.29.120195.000441.
DNA repair is an important molecular defense system against agents that cause cancer, degenerative diseases, and aging. Several repair systems in humans protect the genome by repairing modified bases, DNA adducts, crosslinks, and double strand breaks. These repair systems, base excision, nucleotide excision, and recombination, are intimately connected to transcription and to cell cycle checkpoints. In addition, genotoxic stress induces a set of cellular reactions mediated by the p53 tumor suppressor and the Ras oncogene. These genotoxic response reactions may help the cell survive or enter apoptosis. Damage-response reactions may be utilized as targets of anticancer chemotherapy.
DNA修复是抵御致癌、导致退行性疾病和衰老因子的重要分子防御系统。人类的几种修复系统通过修复修饰碱基、DNA加合物、交联和双链断裂来保护基因组。这些修复系统，即碱基切除、核苷酸切除和重组，与转录和细胞周期检查点密切相关。此外，基因毒性应激会诱导一组由p53肿瘤抑制因子和Ras癌基因介导的细胞反应。这些基因毒性反应可能有助于细胞存活或进入凋亡。损伤反应可能被用作抗癌化疗的靶点。
