Leibowitz A, Klerman J A
RAND, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA.
Demography. 1995 Aug;32(3):365-78.
Employment of married mothers with preschool children rose dramatically between 1971 and 1990. Using CPS data, we find that about one-fifth of the increase in labor supply can be attributed to changes in mothers' demographic characteristics (age, education, and number of children). Changes in the earnings opportunities of new mothers and their husbands explain another one-fifth of the growth in employment. Over the two decades, infants up to three months old became less of a barrier to employment, while women's labor supply became more sensitive to their own earnings opportunities and less sensitive to those of their husbands.
1971年至1990年间，有学龄前儿童的已婚母亲的就业率急剧上升。利用当前人口调查（CPS）数据，我们发现劳动力供给增长中约五分之一可归因于母亲人口特征（年龄、教育程度和子女数量）的变化。初为人母者及其丈夫收入机会的变化解释了就业增长的另外五分之一。在这二十年里，三个月以下婴儿对就业的阻碍变小，而女性劳动力供给对自身收入机会的敏感度提高，对丈夫收入机会的敏感度降低。
