Meyer K R, Voillequé P G, Schmidt D W, Rope S K, Killough G G, Shleien B, Moore R E, Case M J, Till J E
Keystone Scientific, Inc., Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA.
Health Phys. 1996 Oct;71(4):425-37. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199610000-00002.
The Feed Materials Production Center, northwest of Cincinnati, processed uranium concentrates and uranium compounds recycled from other stages of nuclear weapons production, as well as some uranium ore and thorium. Particulate releases were primarily uranium (natural, depleted, and slightly enriched. In addition, two large silos containing radium-bearing residues were emission sources of radon and its decay products. The Fernald Dosimetry Reconstruction Project was undertaken to help the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to evaluate the impact of the Feed Materials Production Center on the public from radionuclides released to the environment from 1951 through 1988. At this point in the study, the project has estimated the quantities of radioactive materials released to air, surface water, and in groundwater; developed the methodology to describe the environmental transport of the materials; developed mathematical models to calculate the resulting radiation doses; and evaluated environmental monitoring data to verify that the estimates of releases and transport are reasonable. Thorough review of historical records and extensive interaction with former and current employees and residents have been the foundation for reconstructing routine operations, documenting accidents, and evaluating unmonitored emission sources. The largest releases of uranium to air and water occurred in the 1950's and 1960's. Radon releases from the silos remained elevated through most of the 1970's. The quantity of uranium released to surface water was much less than that released to air. Best estimates of releases are reported as median values, with associated uncertainties calculated as an integral part of the estimates. Screening calculations showed that atmospheric pathways dominate the total dose from Feed Materials Production Center releases. Accordingly, the local meteorology, effluent particle size and chemical form, and wet and dry deposition, were particularly important in this study. The final goal of the project is the calculation of radiation doses to people living in the study domain, which is represented by a circle with radius of 10 km centered on the Feed Materials Production Center production area.
位于辛辛那提市西北部的核燃料生产中心，处理从核武器生产的其他阶段回收的铀浓缩物和铀化合物，以及一些铀矿石和钍。颗粒物排放主要是铀（天然铀、贫化铀和低浓铀）。此外，两个装有含镭残渣的大型筒仓是氡及其衰变产物的排放源。开展费纳德剂量重建项目是为了帮助疾病控制与预防中心评估核燃料生产中心在1951年至1988年期间向环境释放的放射性核素对公众的影响。在研究的这个阶段，该项目已经估算了释放到空气、地表水和地下水中的放射性物质的数量；开发了描述这些物质在环境中迁移的方法；开发了数学模型来计算由此产生的辐射剂量；并评估了环境监测数据，以验证释放和迁移的估算是否合理。对历史记录的全面审查以及与前员工和现员工及居民的广泛互动，一直是重建日常运营、记录事故以及评估未监测排放源的基础。铀向空气和水的最大释放量发生在20世纪50年代和60年代。筒仓的氡释放量在20世纪70年代的大部分时间里一直居高不下。释放到地表水的铀量远少于释放到空气中的铀量。释放量的最佳估算值报告为中位数，相关不确定性作为估算的一个组成部分进行计算。筛选计算表明，大气途径在核燃料生产中心释放物的总剂量中占主导地位。因此，当地气象、排放颗粒物的粒径和化学形态以及干湿沉降，在本研究中尤为重要。该项目的最终目标是计算生活在研究区域内的人的辐射剂量，该研究区域是以核燃料生产中心生产区为圆心、半径为10公里的一个圆。
