Roemmich J N, Sinning W E
Kent State University, Applied Physiology Research Laboratory, OH, USA.
Int J Sports Med. 1996 Feb;17(2):92-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-972814.
Changes in body composition, somatic growth, power and strength of high school wrestlers (W, n = 8, 15.9 +/- 0.3 yrs) and controls (C, n = 6, 16.1 +/- 0.2 yrs) were studied early, mid-, late-, and 3.5-months post-season. Elbow flexion peak power (FPP), peak torque (FPT), extension peak power (EPP), and peak torque (EPT) were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. C demonstrated normal rates of somatic growth and gains in strength and power. However, for W, significant (p < 0.05) decreases were found in: weight (WT, 61.6 +/- 2.8 to 59.2 +/- 2.8 kg), relative fat (%BF) (7.8 +/- 0.7 to 6.1 +/- 0.7 %), FPT (33.3 +/- 2.3 to 29.9 +/- 2.7 Nm), FPP (125.8 +/- 0.3 to 107.8 +/- 8.4 W), EPT (37.5 +/- 2.5 to 36.2 +/- 3.8 Nm), and EPP (132.7 +/- 8.4 to 126.7 +/- 12.3 W), between early-season and late-season and significant increases in WT (5.4 +/- 0.4 kg), fat-free mass (FFM, 4.4 +/- 0.7 kg), FPT (9.4 +/- 1.7 Nm), FPP (38.8 +/- 8.8 W), EPT (6.5 +/- 1.0 Nm), and EPP (24.4 +/- 4.7 W), between late-season and post-season. Compared to C, W had significantly (p < 0.05) smaller increases in mid-arm girth and flexed mid-arm cross-sectional muscle area (X-SECT) during the wrestling season and larger increases in shoulder girth, abdominal girth, and mid-arm girth, X-SECT, and biacromial, biilium, and anterior-posterior chest breadths during the post-season. Power and strength measures were significantly correlated with FFM, lean upper limb volume (ULV), and X-SECT (r = 0.74 to 0.93, p <0.0001). When covaried for FFM, ULV or X-SECT seasonal declines in strength and power were no longer significant while post-seasonal increases remained. In conclusion, pre- to late- season W demonstrated a lack of lean tissue accretion and reductions in strength. At post-season these variables returned to, or were above, pre-season levels. Results of analysis of covariance indicated that lean tissue changes were associated with the changes in strength and power.
对高中摔跤运动员（W组，n = 8，年龄15.9±0.3岁）和对照组（C组，n = 6，年龄16.1±0.2岁）在赛季早期、中期、后期以及赛季后3.5个月时的身体成分、身体生长、力量和功率变化进行了研究。使用等速测力计测量了肘部屈曲峰值功率（FPP）、峰值扭矩（FPT）、伸展峰值功率（EPP）和峰值扭矩（EPT）。C组表现出正常的身体生长速率以及力量和功率的增加。然而，对于W组，在赛季早期和后期之间发现有显著（p < 0.05）下降的指标包括：体重（WT，从61.6±2.8千克降至59.2±2.8千克）、相对脂肪（%BF）（从7.8±0.7%降至6.1±0.7%）、FPT（从33.3±2.3牛米降至29.9±2.7牛米）、FPP（从125.8±0.3瓦降至107.8±8.4瓦）、EPT（从37.5±2.5牛米降至36.2±3.8牛米）以及EPP（从132.7±8.4瓦降至126.7±12.3瓦）；而在赛季后期和赛季后之间WT有显著增加（5.4±0.4千克）、去脂体重（FFM，4.4±0.7千克）、FPT（9.4±1.7牛米）、FPP（38.8±8.8瓦）、EPT（6.5±1.0牛米）以及EPP（24.4±4.7瓦）。与C组相比，W组在摔跤赛季期间上臂围和屈曲上臂横截面积（X - SECT）的增加显著较小（p < 0.05），而在赛季后肩部围度、腹部围度以及上臂围、X - SECT、双肩峰间径、双侧髂嵴间径和胸廓前后径的增加较大。功率和力量测量值与FFM、瘦上肢体积（ULV）和X - SECT显著相关（r = 0.74至0.93，p < 0.0001）。当对FFM、ULV或X - SECT进行协变量调整后赛季期间力量和功率的下降不再显著，而赛季后的增加仍然显著。总之，从赛季前到赛季后期，W组表现出瘦组织增加不足和力量下降。在赛季后，这些变量恢复到或高于赛季前水平。协方差分析结果表明，瘦组织变化与力量和功率变化相关。
