Speiser P
Abteilung für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie, Universität-Frauenklinik, Wien.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1996;146(1-2):10-3.
10% of ovarian cancer patients show a positive family history. Hereditary cancer syndromes show an autosomal dominant inheritance (approximately 1% of all ovarian cancers) with a life-time risk of more than 50%, whereas a positive family history without the pattern of hereditary syndromes results in a life-time risk of 5 to 7%. The most important tool to discriminate those two entities is a carefully constructed kindred, including both maternal and paternal side. In addition other cancers of the reproductive organs and the occurrence of colorectal and urological malignancies in females as well as males have to be questioned not to miss a breast-ovarian or Lynch-II-syndrome. For cancer prevention women should be advised to early start with oral contraception and prophylactic surgery has to be discussed. Cancer surveillance should be performed with annual transvaginal ultrasound examination and measurement of the tumor marker CA 125.
10%的卵巢癌患者有家族史阳性。遗传性癌症综合征呈常染色体显性遗传（约占所有卵巢癌的1%），终生患病风险超过50%，而无遗传性综合征模式的家族史阳性导致终生患病风险为5%至7%。区分这两种情况的最重要工具是精心构建的家族谱系，包括母系和父系。此外，还必须询问生殖器官的其他癌症以及女性和男性结直肠和泌尿系统恶性肿瘤的发生情况，以免漏诊乳腺-卵巢综合征或林奇II综合征。对于癌症预防，应建议女性尽早开始口服避孕药，并讨论预防性手术。应通过每年的经阴道超声检查和肿瘤标志物CA 125测量进行癌症监测。
