Blackman L S, Whittemore C L, Zetlin A G, McNamara B
Am J Ment Defic. 1977 Jul;82(1):19-25.
A 20-questions problem-solving task was given to 116 EMR adolescents and 65 nonretarded MA-equated fourth graders. The subjects' questions were classified as either constraint seeking or nonconstraint seeking, and the problem-solving strategies were evaluated in terms of their efficiency of solution. Results indicated that the nonretarded group asked more constraint-seeking questions, and their strategies reflected more efficient problem-solving solutions. The majority of subjects in both groups appeared to be in Mosher and Hornsby's (1966) suggested transitional stage, as demonstrated by the fact that their strategies fell between employing only questions that eliminated one item in the stimulus array (hypothesis scanning) and questions that consistently eliminated the maximum number of items (perfect focusing). In addition, nonretarded subjects' strategies reflected a greater awareness of the apparent organizational demands of the task and especially an awareness of the entire range of dimensions in the stimulus array.
一项包含20个问题的解决问题任务被分配给116名患有轻度智力障碍的青少年和65名与他们智力年龄相当的非智障四年级学生。受试者提出的问题被分类为寻求约束性问题或非寻求约束性问题，并根据解决问题的效率对他们的解决问题策略进行评估。结果表明，非智障组提出了更多寻求约束性问题，并且他们的策略反映出更有效的解决问题方案。两组中的大多数受试者似乎都处于莫舍和霍恩斯比（1966年）所建议的过渡阶段，这一事实表明，他们的策略介于仅使用消除刺激阵列中一个项目的问题（假设扫描）和始终消除最大数量项目的问题（完美聚焦）之间。此外，非智障受试者的策略反映出他们对任务明显的组织要求有更强的意识，尤其是对刺激阵列中整个维度范围的意识。
