Hughes K, Meek M E, Newhook R, Chan P K
Environmental Health Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;22(3):213-20. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1995.0003.
Because metals occur in various forms in the environment, speciation is an issue which must be addressed in regulatory health risk assessment programs. The manner in which speciation was addressed in a federal program in Canada is discussed in this article. Under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, four metals, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel, and their compounds were assessed as priority substances to determine the risk to human health associated with exposure to levels present in the general environment in Canada. The extent to which the speciation of these metals could be considered in these assessments was largely determined by the nature of available data. Very few data were identified on speciation in environmental media to which humans are exposed. Based on available data on health effects, it was possible to conduct assessments on only one form each of arsenic and cadmium (i.e., inorganic arsenic and inorganic cadmium), two forms of chromium (trivalent and hexavalent), and four forms of inorganic nickel (oxidic, sulfidic, soluble, and metallic.
由于金属在环境中以多种形式存在，形态分析是监管健康风险评估计划中必须解决的一个问题。本文讨论了加拿大一项联邦计划中处理形态分析的方式。根据《加拿大环境保护法》，包括砷、镉、铬和镍在内的四种金属及其化合物被评估为优先物质，以确定与接触加拿大一般环境中存在的水平相关的对人类健康的风险。在这些评估中能够考虑这些金属形态的程度在很大程度上取决于现有数据的性质。在人类接触的环境介质中的形态分析方面，几乎没有找到相关数据。根据关于健康影响的现有数据，仅能对砷和镉的每种一种形态（即无机砷和无机镉）、两种铬形态（三价和六价）以及四种无机镍形态（氧化态、硫化态、可溶态和金属态）进行评估。
