Duncan G J
Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Int J Health Serv. 1996;26(3):419-44. doi: 10.2190/1KU0-4Y3K-ACFL-BYU7.
The focus of this article is the economic dimension of socioeconomic status as it relates to health. In contrast to the assumptions of many life cycle models, the author finds household income to be quite volatile for many families, even during periods of macroeconomic growth. Income inequality has increased dramatically in the last 20 years. Studies relating various measures of health (e.g., low birth weight; cognitive development, stunting, wasting in early childhood; mortality in later adult years) to longitudinal measures of family income often find quite powerful effects of income, even after controlling for correlated aspects of socioeconomic status and baseline health status. The author discusses strategies for modeling income effects.
本文的重点是社会经济地位与健康相关的经济层面。与许多生命周期模型的假设相反，作者发现，即使在宏观经济增长时期，许多家庭的家庭收入也相当不稳定。在过去20年里，收入不平等急剧加剧。将各种健康指标（如低出生体重、认知发展、幼儿期发育迟缓、消瘦；成年后期死亡率）与家庭收入的纵向指标相关联的研究常常发现，即使在控制了社会经济地位和基线健康状况的相关因素之后，收入仍有相当大的影响。作者讨论了对收入影响进行建模的策略。
