Thompson W L, Fukushima T, Rutherford R B, Walton R P
Infusionsther Klin Ernahr. 1979 Jun;6(3):151-5.
Hydroxyethyl starch is a derivative of amylopectin, the branched glycogen-like alpha-1,4-glucose polymer, the amylase hydrolysis of which is retarded by hydroxyethylation. If 70 to 90 per cent of the glucose polymer units contain hydroxyethyl groups, the intravascular persistence and urinary excretion of hydroxyethyl starch of a molecular weight of 435,000 is similar to that of Dextran 70. Hydroxyethyl starch and Dextran 70 are stored briefly in reticuloendothelial and hepatic cells, and cause swelling and vacuolation of renal tubules with little alteration of renal function. Elimination of hydroxyethyl starch from sites of tissue storage is much faster than elimination of the non-metabolized polymers acacia and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The distribution and excretion kinetics of hydroxyethyl starch are thus appropriate for a plasma substitute.
羟乙基淀粉是支链淀粉的衍生物，支链淀粉是一种类似糖原的α-1,4-葡萄糖聚合物，其淀粉酶水解会因羟乙基化而延迟。如果70%至90%的葡萄糖聚合物单元含有羟乙基基团，那么分子量为435,000的羟乙基淀粉在血管内的存留时间和尿排泄情况与右旋糖酐70相似。羟乙基淀粉和右旋糖酐70会在网状内皮细胞和肝细胞中短暂储存，并导致肾小管肿胀和空泡化，而肾功能几乎没有改变。羟乙基淀粉从组织储存部位的清除速度比未代谢的聚合物阿拉伯胶和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的清除速度快得多。因此，羟乙基淀粉的分布和排泄动力学适合作为血浆代用品。
