Personal name recognition and associative priming in patients with unilateral brain damage.

This study investigated the performance of left- (LBD) and right-brain-damaged (RBD) patients in recognizing personal names under different conditions of associative priming. Subjects performed speeded familiarity decisions for names of famous and unfamiliar persons. These target names were preceded by primes, either faces or names, which could be neutral, related (e.g. Gorbachev-Jelzin), or unrelated (e.g. Travolta-Carter). Overall impairments in name recognition were observed in both patient groups relative to controls but were more severe in LBD than in RBD patients. This suggests that, contrary to previous hypotheses, the recognition of personal names is more dependent on left hemisphere functioning. In controls and LBD patients, associative priming effects did not differ significantly between face and name primes. In RBD patients, however, associative priming from names was larger than priming from faces. This specificity of priming effects for names in RBD patients was tentatively related to their impairments in face recognition.