Cerebrocortical Fos expression following dopaminergic stimulation: D1/D2 synergism and its breakdown.

Using standard immunohistochemical techniques, we examined Fos expression in different areas and layers of cerebral cortex in rats following combined or separate stimulation of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors under normal conditions and following five days of reserpine (1 mg/kg/day), a treatment that causes a breakdown in requisite D1/D2 synergism. In normal animals, combined but not separate stimulation of D1 and D2 receptors elicited Fos expression in frontal and parietal, but not cingulate, cortex. Expression was highest in layer IV of primary somatosensory cortex; in frontal and secondary somatosensory cortex, Fos expression was lower and peaked in layer VI. Cortical Fos expression following amphetamine showed the same general pattern, and was blocked by either a selective D1 or D2 antagonist. Following reserpine treatment, stimulation of either D1 or D2 receptors gave rise to cortical Fos expression in patterns similar to each other and to combined D1/D2 stimulation in normal rats (except in frontal cortex in which separate D1 or D2 stimulation was unable to elicit Fos even following repeated reserpine treatment). The fact that cortical Fos expression was tightly associated with behavioral activation together with its laminar and areal distribution suggest that sensory input resulting from behavioral activation may be an important stimulus for this immediate-early gene response.