Johnson M E, Baer A J
Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage 99508, USA.
J Psychol. 1996 Sep;130(5):527-36. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1996.9915019.
In this analog study, 104 female and 75 male undergraduate students in the United States read 1 of 8 vignettes that described a person who had just received positive HIV antigen results. The vignettes were identical except for the sex of the person described and his or her risk-group membership (gay, heterosexual, injection-drug user, or hemophiliac). After reading the vignette, the participants completed questionnaires assessing (a) responsibility, blame, and personality characteristics of the person described in the vignette; and (b) their own homophobia and knowledge about AIDS. Results revealed that homophobia was a significant covariate that affected participants' perceptions of the person in the vignette. With homophobia as a covariate, the hemophiliac was judged the least harshly, followed by the heterosexual person, the gay person, and the injection-drug user. No gender differences were revealed. The injection-drug user was evaluated the most negatively on the personality characteristics; the other 3 groups were rated similarly. Analyses without homophobia as a covariate revealed significant gender differences, suggesting that prior research findings of gender differences on perceptions of persons with AIDS may be attributable more to differential levels of homophobia than to gender of the rater.
在这项模拟研究中，美国104名女大学生和75名男大学生阅读了8个小插曲中的1个，这些小插曲描述了一个刚收到HIV抗原检测呈阳性结果的人。除了所描述人物的性别及其所属风险群体（同性恋、异性恋、注射吸毒者或血友病患者）外，这些小插曲都是相同的。阅读完小插曲后，参与者完成了问卷调查，评估：（a）小插曲中所描述人物的责任、责备和性格特征；以及（b）他们自己的恐同症和对艾滋病的了解。结果显示，恐同症是一个显著的协变量，影响了参与者对小插曲中人物的看法。将恐同症作为协变量时，对血友病患者的评判最不严厉，其次是异性恋者、同性恋者和注射吸毒者。未发现性别差异。在性格特征方面，注射吸毒者的评价最负面；其他三组的评分相似。不将恐同症作为协变量的分析显示出显著的性别差异，这表明先前关于对艾滋病患者看法的性别差异研究结果可能更多地归因于不同程度的恐同症，而不是评分者的性别。
