Wilton J C, Matthews G M
Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, University of Leicester, UK.
Bioessays. 1996 Mar;18(3):229-36. doi: 10.1002/bies.950180310.
The liver was used widely in early studies of polarised transport but has been largely overlooked in recent years, mostly because of the development of epithelial cell lines which provide more tractable experimental systems. The majority of membrane proteins and lipids reach the hepatocyte apical membrane by transcytosis and it remains unclear whether there is a direct route for apical targeting, although the pathways present have yet to be fully characterised. The recent development of systems that allow hepatocyte transport processes to be studied in culture and the observation that transcytosis can be significantly stimulated under physiological conditions suggest that hepatocytes have a role to play in future studies of polarised transport. This review discusses the known features of polarised membrane traffic in hepatocytes and contrasts them with the characteristics of vesicular transport in other epithelial cell types.
肝脏在早期极化运输研究中被广泛应用，但近年来在很大程度上被忽视了，主要是因为上皮细胞系的发展提供了更易于处理的实验系统。大多数膜蛋白和脂质通过转胞吞作用到达肝细胞顶端膜，尽管目前存在的途径尚未完全明确，但顶端靶向是否存在直接途径仍不清楚。最近能够在培养中研究肝细胞运输过程的系统的发展，以及在生理条件下转胞吞作用可被显著刺激的观察结果表明，肝细胞在未来极化运输研究中可发挥作用。本综述讨论了肝细胞极化膜运输的已知特征，并将其与其他上皮细胞类型的囊泡运输特征进行了对比。
