Phalen D N, Hays H B, Filippich L J, Silverman S, Walker M
Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996 Oct 15;209(8):1435-40.
A female severe macaw (Ara severa) that was at least 11 years old was evaluated for sudden onset of exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Radiography revealed a large heart silhouette, an increase in prominence of the brachiocephalic arteries, and a diffuse increase in opacity of the lungs. Lateral nonselective angiography revealed dilatation of both chambers of the right side of the heart and incomplete emptying of the right atrium. Alterations in the shape and position of the left-side heart chambers and reduction in blood flow through the brachiocephalic arteries and aorta were identified. Despite treatment, the bird died suddenly 2.5 months after the first episode of dyspnea. At necropsy, severe atherosclerosis of the aorta and brachiocephalic arteries, dilatation of all heart chambers, pulmonary edema, and severe hepatic centrolobular atrophy and fibrosis were identified. Correlation between the angiography and necropsy findings suggested that angiography could be an important diagnostic tool for the detection of cardiovascular disease in birds.
对一只至少11岁的雌性蓝黄金刚鹦鹉（Ara severa）进行了评估，该鹦鹉突然出现运动不耐受和呼吸困难。放射检查显示心脏轮廓增大、头臂动脉突出增加以及肺部弥漫性不透光增加。侧位非选择性血管造影显示心脏右侧两个腔室扩张，右心房排空不完全。发现左侧心脏腔室的形状和位置改变，以及通过头臂动脉和主动脉的血流减少。尽管进行了治疗，但这只鸟在首次出现呼吸困难2.5个月后突然死亡。尸检时，发现主动脉和头臂动脉严重动脉粥样硬化、所有心脏腔室扩张、肺水肿以及严重的肝小叶中央萎缩和纤维化。血管造影和尸检结果之间的相关性表明，血管造影可能是检测鸟类心血管疾病的重要诊断工具。
