Smahel Z, Müllerova Z
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1996 Jul-Sep;16(3):182-92.
X-ray cephalometry was used for the assessment of 22 boys and 23 girls with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were treated with the same surgical method. They were examined at the age of 10 years and in adulthood. In the group of 13 boys and 15 girls, examined also at the age of 15 years, were analysed intersexual differences of facial growth and development during the postpubertal period and the results were compared with those obtained during the pubertal period. The data showed that in boys facial growth persists after the age of 15 years and in the region of the upper face attains about half the values recorded in the period of puberty, while mandibular growth attains almost the same values as during puberty. In girls the growth is almost terminated but for the lower jaw, where it is still significant though several times slighter than during puberty. In both sexes there is only a minimum growth of maxillary depth and of upper lip height during the postpubertal period, as well as during the pubertal period. The highest growth rate shows the depth of the nose. Because of the intersexual differences in the amount of postpubertal growth, developmental changes in facial configuration do not occur in girls during this period, while in boys a further deterioration of maxillary protrusion, of sagittal jaw relations, and of the upper lip prominence continues, as well as an increase of the flattening of the face. In contrast to the pubertal period in both sexes, a proclination of upper incisors and an improvement of overjet was not attained. Contrary to the pubertal period, in the postpubertal period, intersexual differences in the amount of growth and of the developmental changes in the shape and position of facial characteristics were recorded. Therefore during studies of the growth and development of the face, it is not possible to pool both sexes without some reservations. This holds true in particular in the postpubertal period.
采用X线头影测量法对22名患有完全性单侧唇腭裂的男孩和23名女孩进行评估，他们均接受了相同的手术治疗方法。在10岁时和成年期对他们进行了检查。在13名男孩和15名女孩组成的组中，也在15岁时进行了检查，分析了青春期后期面部生长发育的性别差异，并将结果与青春期期间获得的结果进行了比较。数据显示，男孩在15岁后面部仍在生长，在上面部区域达到青春期记录值的约一半，而下颌生长达到与青春期几乎相同的值。女孩的生长几乎停止，但下颌仍有生长，尽管比青春期时小几倍。在青春期后期以及青春期期间，两性上颌深度和上唇高度的生长都非常小。鼻深度的生长速率最高。由于青春期后期生长量存在性别差异，在此期间女孩面部形态没有发生发育变化，而男孩上颌前突、矢状颌关系和上唇突出进一步恶化，面部扁平度增加。与两性青春期不同，未出现上切牙前倾和覆盖改善的情况。与青春期不同，在青春期后期，记录到了生长量以及面部特征形状和位置发育变化的性别差异。因此，在研究面部生长发育时，不加保留地将两性数据合并是不可能的。这在青春期后期尤其如此。
