Frost-Mason S K, Mason K A
Department of Physiology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66047, USA.
Int J Dev Biol. 1996 Aug;40(4):685-93.
Amphibians have been judiciously exploited by developmental biologists for many years for studying basic developmental mechanisms in vertebrates. In this review, the contributions that have been made by urodeles, in particular the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), to the study of pigment cell biology are elaborated. Pigment cell differentiation is described, and the wild-type pigment phenotype is contrasted to pigment mutants such as albino, axanthic, melanoid, and white. Methods used for studying pigmentation, including recently developed molecular biological tools, are included to illustrate the significance of the axolotl as a model system for studying vertebrate pigmentation.
多年来，发育生物学家一直在明智地利用两栖动物来研究脊椎动物的基本发育机制。在这篇综述中，详细阐述了有尾目动物，特别是美西螈（钝口螈属墨西哥钝口螈）对色素细胞生物学研究的贡献。描述了色素细胞的分化，并将野生型色素表型与白化、无黄、类黑素和白色等色素突变体进行了对比。文中还介绍了用于研究色素沉着的方法，包括最近开发的分子生物学工具，以说明美西螈作为研究脊椎动物色素沉着的模型系统的重要性。
