Lagarde E, Pison G, Enel C
Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France.
AIDS. 1996 Mar;10(3):327-34. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199603000-00012.
To describe the determinants of 'at risk' sexual behaviour and perception of AIDS-related prevention messages in rural Africa.
A rural area in Southern Senegal.
Cross-sectional study using a standardized questionnaire administered by local interviewers to 240 men and 242 women aged 15-59 years, randomly selected among the general population.
Twenty-eight per cent of the sexually active men and 27% of the sexually active women declared at least one casual sexual partner in the 12 months preceding the interview. Among these, 27% of men and 30% of women declared having used a condom in most acts of casual intercourse. Seasonal migrants and divorced or widowed women were more likely to declare casual sex. Causal sex was motivated by material needs for 66% of the women who experienced it, and those of the women who reported casual sexual intercourse were less likely to feel at risk of AIDS [odds ratio (OR), 3.9; P = 0.01] and were more optimistic about their future (OR, 3.6; P = 0.03). For men, the motivations explaining a change in sexual behaviour in order to avoid HIV infection included the perception of AIDS as a health problem (OR, 11; P = 0.004), the perception of the disease as serious (OR, 5.4; P = 0.001) and the feeling of personal risk of becoming HIV-infected (OR, 3.2; P = 0.02). Perceived skill in changing one's behaviour was strongly associated with declaration of past behaviour change for both men and women (men: OR, 3.4; P = 0.02; women: OR, 6.3; P = 0.0001).
Men and women exhibit two different patterns regarding their behaviour and perception towards AIDS. Material needs appear to be of importance for women, whereas perception of a real threat lead men to adopt protective behaviours. In the very area of this study, widowed and divorced women as well as male seasonal migrants are particularly exposed to HIV infection. They are characterized by a higher risk behaviour, a low rate of condom use and seldom declared any protective measures to avoid HIV infection.
描述非洲农村地区“高危”性行为的决定因素以及对艾滋病相关预防信息的认知情况。
塞内加尔南部的一个农村地区。
采用横断面研究，由当地访谈员使用标准化问卷对从普通人群中随机抽取的240名年龄在15 - 59岁的男性和242名女性进行调查。
在接受访谈前的12个月内，28%的性活跃男性和27%的性活跃女性表示至少有一个临时性伴侣。其中，27%的男性和30%的女性称在大多数临时性行为中使用了避孕套。季节性移民以及离婚或丧偶女性更有可能有临时性行为。66%有临时性行为的女性是出于物质需求，而报告有临时性行为的女性感染艾滋病的风险意识较低[优势比（OR），3.9；P = 0.01]，且对未来更为乐观（OR，3.6；P = 0.03）。对于男性而言，为避免感染艾滋病毒而改变性行为的动机包括将艾滋病视为健康问题（OR，11；P = 0.004）、认为该疾病严重（OR，5.4；P = 0.001）以及感觉自己有感染艾滋病毒的个人风险（OR，3.2；P = 0.02）。男女对自身行为改变能力的认知与过去行为改变的报告密切相关（男性：OR，3.4；P = 0.02；女性：OR，6.3；P = 0.0001）。
男性和女性在对艾滋病的行为及认知方面呈现出两种不同模式。物质需求对女性似乎很重要，而对真正威胁的认知促使男性采取保护行为。在本研究所在地区，丧偶和离婚女性以及男性季节性移民尤其容易感染艾滋病毒。他们的特点是高危行为发生率较高、避孕套使用率低，且很少宣称采取任何预防艾滋病毒感染的保护措施。
