Eger T, Müller H P, Heinecke A
Department of Periodontology, German Armed Forces Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany.
J Clin Periodontol. 1996 Sep;23(9):839-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1996.tb00621.x.
The objectives of the present study were (I) to determine the validity and reliability of measuring gingival thickness (GTH) with a recently developed, commercially available ultrasonic device; (II) to measure GTH in relation to tooth type and age of proband; (III) to correlate GTH with varying forms of premolars, canines and incisors. Ultrasonic measurements were performed in 200 periodontally healthy, male probands representing 3 different age groups (20-25, 40-45, 55-60 years). In the maxilla, mean GTH varied between 0.9 mm (canines, 1st molars) and 1.3 mm (2nd molars). In the mandible respective mean values ranged between 0.8 mm (canines) and 1.5 mm (2nd molars). No differences in means and standard deviations (0.36-0.39 mm) were observed in different age groups. In order to correlate GTH with other clinical parameters and form of tooth, in 42 probands of the youngest age group, presenting with no attrition or abrasion, no artificial crown restorations and (following prophylaxis) no overt gingivitis and no periodontal probing depth in excess of 3 mm, detailed clinical measurements and stone model cast analyses were performed. By stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, 24% (p < 0.0001) of the variation of GTH was explained by probing depth, recession, width of gingiva and tooth type. The ratio of the width of the crown to its length was not included into the model. When performing analysis of covariance with the subject as factor, the model was improved, now explaining 41% of the variation of GTH. In this model, the influence of periodontal probing depth was decreased, and recession was not included. It was concluded that there are individual differences in GTH (i.e., different biotypes). However, thickness mainly depends on tooth type and is correlated with width of gingiva. There appears to be no association with shape and form of the tooth. Validity and reliability of measuring GTH with the ultrasonic device was found to be excellent.
（I）确定使用一种新开发的、市售的超声设备测量牙龈厚度（GTH）的有效性和可靠性；（II）测量与受试对象的牙齿类型和年龄相关的GTH；（III）将GTH与不同形态的前磨牙、犬齿和切牙进行相关性分析。对200名牙周健康的男性受试对象进行了超声测量，这些受试对象代表3个不同年龄组（20 - 25岁、40 - 45岁、55 - 60岁）。在上颌，平均GTH在0.9毫米（犬齿、第一磨牙）至1.3毫米（第二磨牙）之间变化。在下颌，相应的平均值在0.8毫米（犬齿）至1.5毫米（第二磨牙）之间。在不同年龄组中未观察到均值和标准差（0.36 - 0.39毫米）的差异。为了将GTH与其他临床参数和牙齿形态进行相关性分析，在最年轻年龄组的42名受试对象中，这些受试对象没有磨耗或磨损、没有人工牙冠修复体，并且（在进行预防性治疗后）没有明显的牙龈炎且牙周探诊深度不超过3毫米，进行了详细的临床测量和石膏模型分析。通过逐步多元线性回归分析，GTH变化的24%（p < 0.0001）可由探诊深度、牙龈退缩、牙龈宽度和牙齿类型来解释。牙冠宽度与长度的比值未纳入该模型。当以受试对象作为因素进行协方差分析时，模型得到改进，现在可解释GTH变化的41%。在该模型中，牙周探诊深度的影响减小，且未包括牙龈退缩。得出的结论是，GTH存在个体差异（即不同的生物学类型）。然而，厚度主要取决于牙齿类型，并且与牙龈宽度相关。似乎与牙齿的形状和形态没有关联。发现使用该超声设备测量GTH的有效性和可靠性极佳。
