Kalichman S C, Sikkema K J, Somlai A
Psychology Department, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303, USA.
AIDS Care. 1996 Oct;8(5):589-99. doi: 10.1080/09540129650125542.
People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) confront a myriad of stressors over the course of their infection. Social support groups offer a means of addressing the support needs of people living with HIV. In the present study, 34 persons who had attended HIV support groups and 29 who had not attended groups completed measures of distress, coping, and social connectedness, and participated in open-ended interviews concerning their support group experiences. Results showed that those who attended support groups knew they were HIV-seropositive for a longer time, reported less emotional distress, and had more social contact than did non-attenders. However, non-attenders endorsed avoidant coping strategies to a greater extent. Analyses showed that time since testing positive accounted for differences between groups in social connectedness but not differences in anxiety, depression, or avoidance coping. Thus, HIV-seropositive persons become socially reconnected with time, but individuals with avoidant coping styles experience greater emotional distress and are unlikely to seek support groups. A sizeable proportion of people with HIV may therefore need supportive interventions, particularly nearer to the time that they test HIV-seropositive.
感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的人在感染过程中面临着无数压力源。社会支持小组为满足HIV感染者的支持需求提供了一种途径。在本研究中，34名参加过HIV支持小组的人和29名未参加过小组的人完成了关于痛苦、应对方式和社会联系的测量，并参与了关于他们支持小组经历的开放式访谈。结果显示，参加支持小组的人知道自己HIV血清呈阳性的时间更长，报告的情绪困扰更少，并且比未参加者有更多的社交接触。然而，未参加者在更大程度上认可回避应对策略。分析表明，自检测呈阳性以来的时间解释了两组在社会联系方面的差异，但不能解释焦虑、抑郁或回避应对方面的差异。因此，HIV血清呈阳性的人会随着时间重新建立社会联系，但具有回避应对方式的个体经历更大的情绪困扰，并且不太可能寻求支持小组。因此，相当一部分HIV感染者可能需要支持性干预措施，尤其是在他们检测出HIV血清呈阳性后不久。
