Mellins C A, Gatz M, Baker L
HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1996 Sep;37(6):721-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01464.x.
The relative importance of environmental and hereditary factors in how children cope with stress was examined. Emotion-focused, problem-focused, and additional coping variables were assessed in 44 monozygotic (MZ) and 30 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, aged 9-16 years. The effects of heritability, shared environment, and unshared environment were examined in structural modelling analyses. Genetic factors accounted for a majority of the reliable variance in four of seven coping variables, while effects of twins' shared environment were negligible for all but one coping variable. Environmental factors important to individual differences in coping strategies were primarily unique to each child (unshared between the twins), highlighting the importance of individual experiences in shaping coping behaviors.
研究了环境和遗传因素在儿童应对压力方式中的相对重要性。对44对9至16岁的同卵（MZ）双胞胎和30对异卵（DZ）双胞胎进行了以情绪为中心、以问题为中心以及其他应对变量的评估。在结构模型分析中检验了遗传力、共享环境和非共享环境的影响。遗传因素在七个应对变量中的四个变量中占了大部分可靠方差，而双胞胎共享环境的影响除了一个应对变量外，对其他所有变量都可忽略不计。应对策略个体差异中重要的环境因素主要是每个孩子特有的（双胞胎之间不共享），这突出了个体经历在塑造应对行为中的重要性。
