Aulin K P
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Uppsala, Falun, Sweden.
J Sports Sci. 1995 Summer;13 Spec No:S35-9. doi: 10.1080/02640419508732275.
Gender-specific differences in body composition and body size are well documented and mainly due to hormonal differences. Women benefit from physical training in the same way as men do. Regarding substrate utilization during exercise, females seem to exhibit a greater ability to utilize fat as a substrate resulting in a glycogen sparing effect. This may indicate a greater ability for endurance exercise. High levels of aerobic activity coupled with an insufficient energy intake, will result in a rapid loss of body mass and amenorrhea, a loss of calcium from bone tissue and the development of early osteoporosis. Nutritional advice for athletes of both sexes is very much the same, except that females require more iron and calcium.
身体成分和体型的性别差异有充分记录，主要归因于激素差异。女性与男性一样能从体育锻炼中受益。在运动过程中的底物利用方面，女性似乎表现出更强的将脂肪作为底物的利用能力，从而产生糖原节省效应。这可能表明其有更强的耐力运动能力。高强度的有氧运动加上能量摄入不足，会导致体重迅速下降和闭经、骨组织钙流失以及早期骨质疏松的发展。针对男女运动员的营养建议大致相同，只是女性需要更多的铁和钙。
